Are there pharmaceuticals in my drinking water?

Last year Associated Press news reports shed some light on the widespread concern that medications are being detected in the drinking water of our nation’s largest cities. Major sources of pharmaceuticals in waterways are direct discharges from wastewater facilities and septic systems – either from people flushing unused medications down the toilet or from unabsorbed…

How does water fluoridation compare to other public health measures?

To protect public health we: add folic acid to cereal products to prevent birth defects; add iodide to salt to prevent goiter; add chlorine to water to disinfect it; add vitamin D to milk to build stronger bones. Fluoridation is similar to other ways we protect public health. Some controversy surrounds fluoridation. Opponents question the…

Why is water disinfection needed?

Disinfection of drinking water is one of the major public health advances in the twentieth century. In the early 1900s, typhoid and cholera were common throughout American cities; disinfection was a large factor in reducing these epidemics. Chlorine was the preferred disinfectant back then and continues to be the most widely used substance for water…